Specifies how the initial information about this translocated population was collected.
List of possible answers:

• Web query = directly from a request on an internet search engine, using keywords focused on species translocations.
• Inquiry = from an interview (in a quite formal context), specifically seeking information on the occurrence of translocations, with a representative of a public institution, association, private company, etc., acting as stakeholder in translocation projects.
• Personal communication = from a discussion out of the formal context described above.
• Citation = from a scientific article or any other document (poster, report, web page…) which topic was not necessarily this particular translocated population, but which suggested its existence (e.g., a review paper on translocations, an article on another topic, a naturalist or conservation web page…).
• Other

In the case where the translocated taxon has suffered from the decline of a number of populations at a large scale, and/or a specific decline of one population, or group of populations (see 'Scale'), this field specifies the habitat changes that have certainly or likely lowered demographic rates, i.e., individual survival, growth or fecundity and that have consequently led to a deterioration of the niche/habitat match, at the specified scale. These direct drivers can be seen as proximate causes of population decline from the point of view of the declining populations.

List of possible answers:

• Problematic competitor, predator or parasite = Decrease in one or several demographic rates due to the arrival or increase in the habitat of the density of organisms or viruses directly impacting the focus organism as competitors, predators or parasites (they may include humans).
  Example: climbers using cliff microsites (rock clefts) as a resource for their feet, hands, and climbing equipment, then decreasing this resource for cliff-dwelling species.
• Pollution = Decrease in one or several demographic rates due to an excess of material, chemical, or nutrients, whatever the remote cause of this excess, directly impacting the focus organism.
• Change in climate patterns =Decrease in one or several demographic rates due to a tendency of climatic variables either to change towards means outside of the evolutionary experience of the focus organism or to fluctuate outside of previous ranges of variation (resulting or not resulting from increased atmospheric greenhouse gases), which directly affects the organism.
• Change in other environmental variables = Decrease in one or several demographic rates due to a tendency of another environmental variable affecting populations either to change towards new means or to fluctuate outside previous ranges of variation. This can be, for example, a change in the density of a mutualistic species (pollinating insect…), a change in the frequency of floods or fires for species living in habitats regularly subject to these events, etc.
• Habitat loss = Decrease in most demographic rates due to a major change in the habitat that completely disrupt the niche/habitat match. This habitat loss can be either sudden (e.g., a fire in a habitat not regularly subject to fires) or slow (e.g., habitat loss due to progressive vegetation succession) It can be due to human activities (e.g., a habitat destroyed for the construction of a road or completely modified for agriculture, or following abandonment of agriculture or grazing…) or to natural events (e.g., hurricanes, fires, lava flow…);
  see underlying factors for the description of remote causes.
• Not Applicable = Not applicable because the translocated taxon has not suffered from the decline of a number of populations at a large scale, and/or a specific decline of one population, or group of populations.

In the case where the translocated taxon has suffered from the decline of a number of populations at a large scale, and/or a specific decline of one population, or group of populations (see 'Scale'), this field specifies the factors that have been likely or certainly responsible for the direct drivers altering population demographic rates. These factors are underlying the habitat changes from the point of view of declining populations and can thus be seen as more remote compared to these direct drivers.
Definitions are close to the ones of the CMP Direct Threats Classification 2.0, but some categories do not appear in underlying factors (displaced to direct drivers) or do appear but with a modified definition.

List of possible answers:

• Residential and commercial development = Human settlements or other non-agricultural land uses with a substantial footprint. These are threats tied to a defined and relatively compact area, which distinguishes them from those in “Transportation & Service Corridors” which have a long narrow footprint, and “Human Intrusions & Disturbance” which do not have an explicit footprint. Note that we can use standard land-cover classifications to assess the stresses delivered by these direct threats. These settlements include housing & urban areas (urban areas, suburbs, villages, vacation homes, shopping areas, offices, schools, hospitals), commercial & industrial areas (manufacturing plants, shopping centers, office parks, military bases, power plants, train & ship yards, airports), tourism & recreation areas (ski areas, golf courses, beach resorts, cricket fields, county parks, campgrounds).
• Agriculture and aquaculture = Threats from farming and ranching as a result of agricultural expansion, intensification or practices; includes silviculture, mariculture and aquaculture. The threats may result from the conversion of land to agricultural use (farms, plantations, silviculture, vineyards, fish ponds on farms, articficial shellfish or algual beds, etc.) OR from the use of agrochemicals OR from effluents from agricultural, silivicultural, and aquaculture systems (different from CMP threat definitions).
• Energy production and mining = Threats from production of non-biological resources. The threats may result from oil & gas drilling, mining and quarrying, energy production from geothermy, solar or wind energy equipment, dams for hydro power...
• Transportation and service corridors = Threats from long, narrow transport corridors and the vehicles that use them including associated wildlife mortality. This includes transportation corridors outside of human settlements and industrial developments: roads and railroads, utility and service lines, shipping lanes, flight paths...
• Biological resource use = Threats from consumptive use of wild biological resources including deliberate and unintentional harvesting effects; also persecution or control of specific species. Consumptive use means that the resource is removed from the system or destroyed. These threats in the class can affect both target species (harvest of desired plant or animal species) as well as "collateral damage" to non-target species (e.g. a butterfly threatened by harvesting of the host plant of its larvae). Persecution/control involves harming or killing species because they are considered undesirable. The threats include hunting & collecting terrestrial animals, gathering terrestrial plants, logging & wood harvesting, fishing & harvesting aquatic resources...
• Human intrusions and disturbance = Threats from human activities that alter, destroy and disturb habitats and species associated with non-consumptive uses of biological resources or habitats. Non-consumptive use means that the resource is not removed - multiple people can use the same resource (for example, trampling, rock clibing). These threats typically do not permanently destroy habitat except perhaps in extremely severe manifestations. These threats include recreational activities (off-road vehicles, motorboats, jet-skis, snowmobiles, ultralight planes, dive boats, whale watching, mountain bikes, hikers, birdwatchers, skiers, pets in recreational areas, temporary campsites, caving, rock-climbing), war, civil unrest & military exercises, work & other activities (people spending time in or traveling in natural environments for reasons other than recreation or military activities).
• Natural system modifications = Threats from actions that convert or degrade habitat in service of "managing" natural or semi-natural systems, often to improve human welfare. This category deals primarily with changes to natural processes such as fire, hydrology, and sedimentation, rather than land use. Thus it does not include threats relating to agriculture (which should be under Agriculture & Aquaculture), or infrastructure (Residential & Commercial Development and Transportation & Service Corridors). These threats include fire & fire suppression, dams & water management / use (except for hydro power, see Energy production and mining), other ecosystem modifications (land reclamation projects, rip-rap along shoreline, mowing grass, tree thinning in parks, beach construction, removal of snags from streams), removing / reducing human maintenance (lack of mowing of meadows, reduction in controlled burns, lack of indigenous management of key ecosystems, ceasing supplemental feeding of condors, abandonment of grazing…).
• Introduction of alien invasive = Threats from the introduction of non-native plants, animals, pathogens/microbes, or genetic materials that have or are predicted to have harmful effects on biodiversity following their introduction, spread and/or increase in abundance or virulence. Problematic native species ARE NOT included in these threat (different from CMP threat classification).
• Global climate change (from increased atmospheric greenhouse gases) = Threats resulting from increased atmospheric greenhouse gases like CO2 (different from CMP direct threat classif).
• Other factor unlinked (or weakly linked) to human activities = Extrinsic threat from volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, natural fire, or intrinsic threat due to reproductive system of the species, body size…, that threaten the species even in the lack of any human threat.
• Not Applicable = Not applicable because the translocated taxon has not suffered from the decline of a number of populations at a large scale, and/or a specific decline of one population, or group of populations.

Specifies the scale of action of the direct drivers and underlying factors.
List of possible responses:

• Small = Indicates that the specified direct driver or underlying factor is a likely cause of decline of the specific population, or group of populations in the case of populations close together in a restricted geographical area (typically within 1 km²), involved in the translocation. These population or group of populations can be either from the hosting site, in the case of reintroduction or reinforcement, or from the source location of the biological material that has been translocated in situations where this location was the cause of concern resulting in the translocation.
• Large = Indicates that the specified direct driver or underlying factor is a likely cause of decline of a number of populations of the translocated taxa over a geographic scale larger than the population scale or larger than the scale of the group of populations in the case of populations close together in a restricted geographical area (typically within 1 km²).
• Not Applicable = Not applicable where the translocated taxon has not suffered from the decline of a number of populations at a large scale, and/or a specific decline of one population, or group of populations.

Specifies the justifications of setting up the translocation project.
List of possible answers:

• Cultural = To obtain a viable population that will provide a cultural service within the meaning of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
• Provisionning = To obtain a viable population that will provide a provisionning service within the meaning of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
• Regulation = To obtain a viable population that will provide a regulation service within the meaning of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
• Support = To obtain a viable population that will provide a support service within the meaning of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).
• Biodiversity conservation = To obtain a viable population because it is an element of biodiversity, and that biodiversity is given a value for utilitarian, scientific, moral, ethical, or philosophical reasons.
• Experimental = the population has been translocated for experimental purposes (e.g., to understand the genetics of adaptation, to test methods of sowing, transplanting, etc.).

Nota bene: The implementation of the translocation cannot have an experimental justification for only justification. If so, it does not appear in the database. To appear in the base, the will to generate a viable population is necessary (see in the Welcome page: Precisions about which translocated populations can be included in the database and which populations cannot, according to translocation type).

Translocation type (Commander et al. 2018)

Specifies the type of translocation according to Commander et al. 2018.
List of possible answers:

• Reinforcement = translocation of individuals added to an existing population (for our definition of the population, see in the Welcome page: Precisions about population delimitation).
• Reintroduction = translocation of individuals to a site where a population of the taxon was known and from which it has gone extinct.

Translocation type (IUCN/SSC 2013)

Specifies the type of translocations following IUCN categories (see IUCN/SSC 2013).
List of possible answers:

• Reinforcement = "the intentional movement and release of an organism into an existing population of conspecifics" (see IUCN/SSC 2013).
• Reintroduction = "the intentional movement and release of an organism inside its indigenous range from which it has disappeared" (see IUCN/SSC 2013).
• Assisted migration = "the intentional movement and release of an organism outside its indigenous range to avoid extinction of populations of the focal species" (see IUCN/SSC 2013).
• Ecological replacement = "the intentional movement and release of an organism outside its indigenous range to perform a specific ecological function" (see IUCN/SSC 2013).

Reinforcement type

Specifies the place where the translocated individuals were born, in the case of reinforcement.
List of possible answers:

• Same population = In this case, for the translocation to be considered as reinforcement and be included in the database, either the translocated individuals had an ex situ stay sufficiently prolonged to enable them to go through a stage of the life cycle with a higher survival rate than it would have been in natura, or they were kept ex situ for a period during which the population size declined (eg, seeds harvested in natura and kept in the seed bank for several years during which population size declined.
• Ex situ = when they were born ex situ, regardless of the origin of their parents.
• Other population(s) = when they were born in another or other natural population(s).
• Multi = when they were born in at least two different place categories above (details in Remarks about translocation type).
• Not Applicable = Not applicable because the translocation is not a reinforcement.

Here is a list of the considerations having weighed in the search or choice of the hosting site among different possibilities.
List of possible answers:

• Similarity = if considerations of ecological similarity between the site(s) of origin of the translocated individuals (or of their ancestors) and possible hosting sites have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site. (We consider that the search for a hosting site favorable to the translocated taxon in general is obvious)..
• Property = if land ownership considerations have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Future = if considerations regarding what is planned in the future on the use, the development, the property, the protection ... of the sites have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Protection = if site protection status considerations have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Heritage/history = if heritage or historical considerations have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Attendance = if considerations relating to the use of the site by the man (walkers, professionals ...) have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Technical feasibility = if considerations relating to the technical feasibility (transport, accessibility of the site ...) have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Economic = if economic considerations have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• Administrative = if administrative or regulatory considerations (excluding land ownership and protection status) have weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site.
• None = if none of the listed considerations weighed in the search or choice for the hosting site, for example because the translocation was a reinforcement or reintroduction and the hosting site was fully integrated within the original idea of the translocation project.

Here is a list of the considerations having weighed in the choice of the biological material that has been translocated to the hosting site among different possibilities.
List of possible answers:

• Genetics = if genetic considerations have influenced the choice of translocated biological material, whether this choice was made on translocated individuals themselves or on their ancestors; these genetic considerations may be related to what is known or assumed of the level of adaptation of the biological material to the hosting site, or to problems related to the depression of consanguinity, or the hybrid depression, or a lack of variability...
• Physiology = if considerations related to their level of development (stage of the life cycle, age) or to their physiology (height, weight, sex ...) have weighed in the choice of translocated individuals.
• Sanitary = if considerations related to their health status (marks of infection, injuries ...) have weighed in the choice of translocated individuals.
• Development = if criteria related to the conditions in which they developed before the translocation influenced the choice of translocated individuals; the considerations taken into account may include the fact that the individuals had grown in nature or in captivity, that they had already been living in conditions with competitors or predators or parasites, etc. (excluding genetic considerations of their degree of adaptation to the hosting site).
• Technical feasibility = if considerations relating to the technical feasibility (transport, precautions necessary for the transfer of individuals ...), have weighed in the choice of translocated individuals, among a set of possible individuals.
• Economic = if economic considerations have weighed in the choice of translocated individuals, among a set of possible individuals.
• Administrative = if administrative or regulatory considerations weighed in the choice of translocated individuals, among a set of possible individuals.

Specifies whether the translocated population benefited from any post-RST management among different possibilities.
List of possible answers:

• Sanitary treatment = if some individuals released, sown, or transplanted benefited from post-RST care consisting of -release interventions consisting of drug treatment.
• Reproduction = if some individuals released, sown, or transplanted benefited from post-RST interventions that manipulate their reproduction.
• Dispersal = if some individuals released, sown, or transplanted benefited from post-RST interventions that manipulate their dispersal.
• Environment - nutrients = if some individuals released, sown, or transplanted benefited from interventions on their environment - a supply of nutrients (water, minerals, solid foods ...).
• Environment - regulation = if some individuals released, sown, or transplanted benefited from interventions on their environment - a regulation of competitors, predators, parasites (cuts, opening of the environment, phytosanitary treatment…).
• Other = another type of intervention on the environment.

Gives an evaluation of the viability of the translocated population.
List of possible answers:

• Positive = if the population has been deemed viable by scientists and / or experts.
• Negative = if it was deemed not viable.
• Uncertain = if scientists and / or experts have expressed the opinion that viability could not be judged, or if divergent opinions have been expressed on this point.
• Not expressed = no judgment was expressed on the viability of pop.

Gives an evaluation of the experimental returns of the translocation.
List of possible answers:

• Positive = the translocation was found to be beneficial in that it provided substantial information on the ecology of the taxon, allowing to improve future translocations or the conservation of extant populations.
• Negative = in the opposite case (when, for example, the translocation provided little information while resulting in a loss of biological material available for future translocations).
• Uncertain = the experimental benefit of the translocation is considered uncertain or opinions differ on this point.
• No consequence = there is no significant consequence of translocation on this experimental aspect (knowledge acquisition and loss of biological material negligible).
• Not expressed = no judgment expressed on this point.

• Positive = the translocation has modified the ecosystem in a direction considered positive.
• Negative = the translocation has modified the ecosystem in a direction considered negative.
• Neutral = the translocation has modified the ecosystem in a direction considered neither positive nor negative.
• Uncertain = it is considered uncertain or opinions differ on whether the modification of the ecosystem resulting from translocation goes in a favorable or unfavorable direction.
• Not expressed = no judgment expressed on this point.
• Not applicable = not applicable because the Ecosystem consequences field is empty or 'no' is indicated, or if the translocation was still in the planning stage on the date of the last known information.

• Positive = the translocation has modified the socio-ecosystem in a direction considered positive.
• Negative = the translocation has modified the socio-ecosystem in a direction considered negative.
• Neutral = the translocation has modified the socio-ecosystem in a direction considered neither positive nor negative.
• Uncertain = it is considered uncertain or opinions differ on whether the modification of the socio-ecosystem resulting from translocation goes in a favorable or unfavorable direction.
• Not expressed = no judgment expressed on this point.
• Not applicable = not applicable because the Socio-ecosystem consequences field is empty or 'no' is indicated, or if the translocation was still in the planning stage on the date of the last known information.

On s’intéresse ici à ce qu’il advient de la majorité des individus une fois passée la mortalité à des stades antérieurs au stade adulte comme les stades graine ou plantule pour les plantes.

• Annuel = quand les individus ne vivent pas plus de 12 mois ;
• Semelpare pluri-annuel = quand les individus ne se reproduisent pas plus qu’au cours d’une saison de reproduction mais vivent plus de 12 mois (éventuellement plusieurs décennies) ;
• Itéropare = quand les individus se reproduisent au cours de plusieurs saisons de reproduction.

• Phanérophyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons dormants aériens sont à plus de 50 cm de la surface du sol ;
• Chaméphyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons dormants aériens sont à moins de 50 cm de la surface du sol ;
• Hémicryptophyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons dormants sont au niveau de la surface du sol ;
• Géophyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons dormants sont sous la surface du sol, comme pour les plantes à bulbe, à tubercule ou à rhizome ;
• Hydrophyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons sont sous l’eau et les feuilles immergées ;
• Hélophyte = taxon pérenne dont les bourgeons dormants sont sous l’eau et les feuilles pour une part au moins émergées ;
• Thérophyte = taxon qui passe la mauvaise saison sous forme de graines ;
• Epiphyte = taxon non enraciné au sol et qui a pour support une autre plante.

Indique si le taxon fait de la multiplication végétative :

• Jamais ou rarement
• Parfois = sans que cela semble être une manière importante de former de nouveaux individus ;
• Souvent = semble être une manière importante de former de nouveaux individus ;
• De manière importante = est manifestement la manière la plus importante de former de nouveaux individus ;

Indique si le taxon se reproduit par graines :

• Jamais ou rarement
• Parfois = sans que cela semble être une manière importante de former de nouveaux individus ;
• Souvent = semble être une manière importante de former de nouveaux individus ;
• De manière importante = est manifestement la manière la plus importante de former de nouveaux individus.

Indique si le taxon se reproduit :

• Par graines
• Autogamie = principalement en autogamie
• Auto et allogamie = en proportions assez semblables (moins différentes que 1/4 versus 3/4) ;
• Allogamie = principalement en allogamie ;
• Allogamie + mécanismes d'auto-incompatibilité = principalement en allogamie avec connaissance de mécanismes d’auto-incompatibilité.

Champ qui indique la forme de rareté (ou la non rareté) du taxon à l’échelle globale (sur l’ensemble de son aire de répartition) selon la typologie de Rabinovitz (voir Rabinovitz, D., 1981. Seven forms of rarity, in Synge (ed.) The biological aspects of rare plant conservation, John Wiley and Sons Ltd) :

• A = Taxon ne présentant aucune des trois formes de rareté de Rabinovitz à l’échelle globale : taxon localement abondant, dans plusieurs types d’habitats et avec une grande aire de répartition ;
• D = Taxon jamais abondant localement (densité faible), mais dans plusieurs types d’habitats et avec une grande aire de répartition ;
• H = Taxon dans un ou deux types d’habitats bien spécifiques, mais localement abondant et avec une grande aire de répartition ;
• R = Taxon avec une petite aire de répartition, mais localement abondant et dans plusieurs types d’habitats ;
• DH = Taxon jamais abondant localement (densité faible) et dans un ou deux types d’habitats bien spécifiques, mais avec une grande aire de répartition ;
• DR = Taxon jamais abondant localement (densité faible) et avec une petite aire de répartition, mais dans plusieurs types d’habitats et ;
• HR = Taxon dans un ou deux types d’habitats bien spécifiques et avec une petite aire de répartition, localement abondant ;
• DHR = Taxon jamais abondant localement (densité faible), dans un ou deux types d’habitats bien spécifiques, et avec une petite aire de répartition.

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Il n'y a aucune autre population appartenant à la même métapopulation

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Il n'y a aucune autre population associée à cette communauté

La localisation de la population peut être indiquée via :

• Les latitude et longitude précises de la population : à saisir dans les champs impartis ou en utilisant la carte. Cette information n'est pas visible du "grand public".
• Une localité de référence : créer la localité via le formulaire en prenant soin de saisir ses coordonnées (au plus précis : centroide de commune même si un lieu-dit est signalé).
• Des localités autres : créer les localités via le formulaire. Les coordonnées géographiques ne sont pas obligatoires mais peuvent être saisies le cas échéant (au plus précis : centroïde de commune même si un lieu-dit est signalé).